The subject being discussed is organizational behavior in the first semester. The solution to the first question is to provide theories on personalities that can assist Priya. There are four theories to consider which include trait theory, social learning theory, psychoanalytic theory, and self-theory. However, amongst these theories, self-theory seems to be the most beneficial for Priya as she copes with internal struggles.

Self-theory is based on Carl Roger's idea of self-actualization which is achieved when individuals can fulfill their desires, goals, and aspirations. This theory is crucial in explaining how self-image is formed and developed over time. According to Carl Rogers, every individual has one basic tendency and strive to actualize, maintain, and enhance their experiences.

The three different elements of Carl Rogers that are essential in understanding self-theory are self-image, self-esteem, and ideal self. Self-image refers to how a person sees themselves on a reflective level both internally and externally. It can consist of four types based on how an individual sees themselves and how they perceive others see them. In Priya's case, she should not underestimate herself and face every problem confidently to improve her self-image.

Self-esteem is how a person values themselves and is influenced by how others respond to them. Positive reactions tend to lead to positive self-esteem, while negative ones can lead to negative self-esteem. In Priya's case, she should not take negative comments personally and instead correct the points she feels that need changing.

Ideal self is the image of how an individual wishes to be but may not match their current self-image. In Priya's case, if her real self does not align with her ideal self, she might feel dissatisfied with her life.

In conclusion, self-theory is a crucial tool in enhancing and developing personality. By understanding self-image, self-esteem, and ideal self, Priya can improve her self-confidence and overcome internal struggles.

Attitudinal Changes: Congruent and Incongruent

Attitude changes can broadly be classified into two categories - congruent and incongruent. Congruent attitude change occurs when an individual's self-concept aligns with the reality around them. Conversely, incongruent attitude change occurs when the self-concept of an individual does not match up with their reality.

The concept of congruence and incongruence was advanced by Carl Rogers. Congruence refers to the degree to which an individual's self-concept matches their reality.

A positive example of congruent attitude change is when an individual who initially had a negative attitude towards gym exercise learns that it has many health benefits beyond shaping the body. Their positive attitude towards gym exercise becomes more positive, and they start allocating more time to exercise.

On the other hand, a negative example of congruent attitude change is when an individual previously had a negative attitude towards extravagance but experiences an economic crisis where they need more money than they have saved. Their negative attitude towards extravagance strengthens, and they start saving more money.

By understanding the concept of congruent and incongruent attitude change, one can overcome internal struggles and boldly cope with challenges in society.