Graphical User Interface (GUI) is a computer software interface that visually represents information using a combination of graphic elements and text. It is an application that generates a description automatically, facilitating the user's understanding and interaction with the software.

National Health Insurance (NHI) is a health financing system that aims to provide quality and affordable personal health services to all South Africans, irrespective of their socio-economic status, by pooling funds based primarily on their health needs. The premise of NHI is rooted in certain moral principles, including the right to access healthcare, social solidarity, equity in health care, treating healthcare as a public good, affordability, efficiency, effectiveness, and appropriateness. Furthermore, NHI has legal underpinnings that protect the right of all individuals to have access to healthcare services, including reproductive healthcare, and emergency medical treatment. These legal underpinnings exist in various sections of the South African Constitution.

The South African health system is primarily divided into two sectors: the public sector, which is governed by the government, and the private sector. The latter primarily exists to cater to the people who can afford its services. The public health sector, on the other hand, provides healthcare services to the majority of the population in South Africa, is cost-effective, and provides specialized healthcare for disadvantaged individuals. However, the public health sector has its issues in terms of long waiting times, rushed appointments, overcrowded waiting areas, old facilities, and poor disease control and prevention practices. Conversely, the advantages of the private health sector are that it provides a variety of specialists, hospitals, private rooms, with shorter waiting times along with improved facilities. However, its disadvantages consist of being expensive, creating inequality and discrimination against low to middle-class individuals, and being a burden for those who lack medical aid. Though, public healthcare sectors encourage and develop small to medium-sized community enterprises to grow by creating job opportunities, they are situated within the proximity of disadvantaged communities, and provide affordable healthcare services.

In conclusion, the health system in South Africa primarily exists in two sectors: the public and private health sectors. While both have advantages and disadvantages, it is important to evaluate their cost-effectiveness and quality care measures. The National Health Insurance system attempts to mediate the divide by providing quality and affordable healthcare services to all individuals, irrespective of their socio-economic status.

Healthcare services are available to all citizens, regardless of their financial situation, promoting individual well-being and shielding against health threats. The health system has six fundamental elements: effective service delivery ensuring accessibility, safety, quality and sustainability, a qualified health workforce guided by practical policies, reliable health information systems, procurement and distribution of essential medicines, financing that allocates resources equally and protects against financial emergencies, and leadership/governance that establishes strategic policy frameworks. In accordance with the legal underpinnings of the National Health Insurance, all individuals have the right to access clean water, nutrition, housing, safe food, and public health awareness programs. Equality, dignity, bodily integrity, access to health services, basic healthcare for children, and emergency treatment for all also come under the NHI's purview. On the moral front, social solidarity fosters cross-subsidization between the old and young, rich and poor, and healthy and sick. The NHI aims to incorporate the principles of equity; healthcare as a social investment; affordability; efficiency, in which resources are allocated equitably; effectiveness, which ensures positive health outcomes; and sustainability within the country's overall resources.

In conclusion, the National Health Insurance (NHI) presents a suitable solution for South Africa to fulfill its moral and legal obligation in the healthcare system. A focus on morals and rights that were previously neglected in the country's healthcare system is a significant benefit of the NHI's implementation. The NHI should provide order and justice, paving the way for quality and affordable medical services for all citizens, irrespective of socioeconomic status. According to the South African Department of Planning, Monitoring, and Evaluation, this system aims to provide individuals with quality and affordable medical services across the country. It is a positive step towards a healthcare system that will save more lives and instill a sense of security in individuals who were previously uncertain about their right to healthcare services due to affordability and discrimination. Moreover, the implementation of the NHI will help bridge the gap between the rich and the poor regarding access to healthcare services.

References:

1. Beracochea E. (2016). What Is A Good Health System?. Available at: https://www.realizingglobalhealth.com/what-is-a-good-health-system/. Accessed: 9 October 2021.

2. Keeton C. (2010). Bridging the gap in South Africa. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4259968/. Accessed: 9 October 2021.

3. South African Department of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation. National Health Insurance (NHI). Available at: https://www.dpme.gov.za/news/Pages/NHI_Update_Sep.aspx. Accessed: 10 October.